二百方子沼泽湿地无机氮的垂直运移规律

以二百方子湿地为对象,模拟研究了沼泽湿地硝态氮和铵态氮在一定水位条件下的垂直运移过程。结果表明:沼泽湿地土壤中硝态氮的穿透曲线具有不对称的多峰结构,而铵态氮的穿透曲线均具有偏峰型结构,且有明显的拖尾现象;各层土壤中硝态氮和铵态氮的穿透曲线最高峰出现的时间及其峰值高低均存在显著差异。     

一种溶质运移数学模型的应用研究

土壤中溶质运移的过程、规律和机理是土壤溶质运移研究的主要内容。本文的目的是对模拟非饱和介质中水分和溶质迁移的二维数值模型SWMS－2D进行研究和验证。以硝酸盐形式存在的溶解氮是地下水中最常见的污染物，将硝态氮视为土壤溶质，考虑其根系吸收、生物固持、吸附、解吸、硝化和反硝化等作用，土壤表面即上边界条件用大气边界条件描述，下边界条件定为第一类边界条件，在田间条件下对模型作了检验。     

SILVER IMPREGNATION IN SITU

In evaluating radiographs of the limb joints and head, students encounter difficulty where superimposition occurs. By replacing calcium with silver salts in the bone, enhanced radiopacity can be produced. In this study, silver impregnation was used to increase the radiopacity of individual carpal and tarsal bones, selected bones of the skull and the sinuses, and guttural pouch of the horse. This provides an interpretation aid for teaching radiographic anatomy of these regions.     

镧对巴西虫草生长的影响

冬虫夏草是一种名贵的滋补品,虫草中含有的多糖、虫草酸、虫草素及各类氨基酸等具有扩张气管、镇静、抗各类细菌、降血压的功效。1988年,广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所的研究人员在广东某自然保护区采集到了6种虫草野生株,从中筛选到一株可以感染家蚕的虫草菌,经鉴定     

氮素对辣椒产量和硝酸盐积累的影响

在施等量有机肥的前提下,随着施氮量的增加,辣椒营养生长旺盛,株高株幅增加;辣椒产量在一定范围的施氮量内逐步增加,超过一定施氮量反而下降;随着施氮量的增加,辣椒果实和叶片的硝酸盐含量均随之上升,其中以叶片中积累量最高,其次是果皮,果肉中硝酸盐的含量最低;各处理对辣椒亚硝酸盐的积累没有影响。     

Effect of root applied 28-homobrassinolide on the performance of Lycopersicon esculentum

The roots of 20 days old seedlings of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) at the time of their transplantation, were dipped in 10⁻⁸, 10⁻⁷, 10⁻⁶ or 10⁻⁵ M of 28-homobrassinolide (HBR) for 15, 30 or 45 min and were allowed to grow in earthen pots, in a net house. The leaves of the plants, at days 30 and 60, possessed elevated quantities of nitrate reductase (NR), carbonic anhydrase (CA) and the contents of chlorophyll. The values for all the above characteristics were significantly higher than that of the water-fed control. The fruits borned at the treated plants were more in number and possessed a lower quantity of ascorbic acid than the control. Moreover, the fruits at ripening, had higher levels of lycopene and β-carotene. Among the treatments, 15 min feeding of 10⁻⁸ M HBR proved best.     

膜孔灌肥液自由入渗硝态氮运移特性试验研究

以KNO3为入渗溶液,模拟研究了硝态氮在膜孔灌肥液自由入渗条件下的运移过程.结果表明,在湿润蜂运移的范围内,沿着膜孔水平方向和垂直方向,硝态氮前锋运移速率受土壤含水量的影响较大,并随着土壤含水量的增加而增加;硝态氮前锋运移速率与运移距离有很好的相关性,并随着运移距离的增加呈幂函数衰减变化.硝态氮前锋浓度随着运移距离的增加而升高,其变化趋势呈指数曲线关系,且在湿润锋(土壤干湿交界)面上达到最大值;硝态氮前锋浓度随土壤含水量的增加呈幂函数递减,两者的相关系数也达到了极显著水平.     

Recovery and Biological Properties of Nitrate Non-utilizing Mutants of Rice Blast, Magnaporthe grisea

Eleven nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants were recovered from six isolates of Magnaporthe grisea cultured on MM media amended with 60 g/L potassium chlorate, with a frequency of 1.42 %. Some biological properties, such as growth rate, growth biomass, cultural characters, conidial production, sexual reproduction ability, and pathogenicity were compared between nit mutants and their parent isolates. Results showed that all the nit mutants were resistant to chlorate. Some important biological properties such as the growth rate on YPSA, conidial production ability on TPSA, pathogenicity, had no significant differences between nit mutants and their parent isolates. Mating type didn‘t change, but perithecia production ability of fertile isolates changed significantly as compared with that of their parent isolates. Therefore, the nit can be used as a genetic marker to study the genetics such as pathogenicity, fungicide resistance in Magnaporthe grisea.     

Effects of grazing strategy on limiting nitrate leaching in grazed grass‐clover pastures on coarse sandy soil

Urinations of ruminants on grazed pastures increase the risk of nitrate leaching. The study investigated the effect of reducing the length of the grazing season on nitrate leaching from a coarse sandy, irrigated soil during 2006–2007 and 2007–2008. In both years, precipitation was above the long‐term mean. The experiment was initiated in a 4‐yr‐old grass‐clover sward in south Denmark. Three treatments were as follows grazing only (G), spring cut followed by grazing (CG) and both spring and autumn cuts with summer grazing (CGC). Nitrate leaching was calculated by extracting water isolates from 80 cm depth using ceramic suction cups. Because of considerable variation in measured nitrate concentrations, the 32 installed suction cups per treatment were insufficient to reveal differences between treatments. However, weighted nitrate leaching estimations for G, CG and CGC showed estimated mean nitrate N concentrations of 23, 19 and 13 mg/L for an estimated proportion area occupied by urine patches of 0.33, 0.26 and 0.16, respectively. Thus, N concentrations in G and CG exceeded the EU limit of 11.3 mg N/L. Under the prevailing conditions, the time of urination did not appear important. The estimated background leaching calculated from suction cups presumably not situated under urine patches resulted in mean nitrate N concentrations of 2.6 mg/L.     

马铃薯抗坏血酸含量及其代谢相关酶活性关系的研究

 为探讨马铃薯不同器官中抗坏血酸(AsA) 含量及其代谢相关酶活性关系, 研究了马铃薯幼叶、功能叶、老叶、茎和块茎中AsA和其氧化态脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA) 的含量与L - 半乳糖- 1, 4 - 内酯脱氢酶( GalLDH) 、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR) 、谷胱甘肽还原酶( GR ) 、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX) 、抗坏血酸氧化酶(AO) 和单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR) 等6种酶活性之间的相关性。结果表明, 马铃薯AsA在幼叶和块茎中含量很高。叶片和茎的抗坏血酸库(AsA与DHA之和) 水平与GalLDH活性显著相关, 而AsA含量与DHAR活性显著相关, DHA含量与APX活性显著相关。说明在马铃薯幼叶中高含量的AsA可能由于GalLDH和DHAR的高活性; 而块茎中AsA的积累, 主要来自于叶片的运输和DHAR催化的DHA再生。